Epidemiological situation of human leptospirosis in Brazil and challenges in its diagnosis with a focus on molecular approaches

Leptospira interrogans is one of the causative agents human leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. Nowadays, this zoonosis considered biggest in terms morbidity and mortality (even considering Dengue, major arbovirosis affecting humans), having Brazil 3,800 cases per year. Currently, difficulties imposed by absence rapid, sensitive diagnostic test that can be used as routine for detection leptospirosis lead to misdiagnosis underreported cases. The gold standard microscopic agglutination (MAT), which presents execution interpretation. Therefore, review proposes general view epidemiologic situation Brazil, addition current contributions literature development new methods. Amongst them, gene sequences polymorphism analysis, potential phylogenetic populational analysis genotyping spp.